INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

One of the most common reasons for failure or problems in computers is the lack of antivirus software, or expired antivirus software. It is an issue which is often overlooked and has dire consequences for the unfortunate computer owner. Antivirus software is a type of program designed and developed to protect computers from malware like viruses, computer worms, spyware, botnets, rootkits, key loggers and such. Antivirus programs function to scan, detect and remove viruses from your computer. There are many versions and types of anti-virus programs that are on  the market. However, the prime objective of any antivirus program is to protect computers and remove viruses once detected. Most antivirus programs incorporate both automated and manual filtering abilities. The instant scanning option may check files - downloaded from the Internet, discs that are embedded into the PC, and files that are made by software installers. The programmed scanning process may likewise check the entire...

Worms : These are  programs which copy themselves to other computers on a network. They tend to   slow   things down as they consume more and more bandwidth or computer resources. Trojans : Performs functions (sometimes malicious) on the  computer without the knowledge of the   user. Malware : Technically, this is not classed as a virus. It is software used to spy on computer user's      activities and collect personal information. More commonly known as "spyware". ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HINDI TRANSLATE कृमि (Worms) : ये ऐसे प्रोग्राम होते हैं जो नेटवर्क के अन्य कंप्यूटरों में स्वयं को कॉपी कर लेते हैं। वे चीजों को      धीमा कर देते हैं क्योंकि वे अधिक से अधिक बैंडविड्थ या कंप्यूटर संसाधनों का उपभोग   करते हैं। ट्रोजन (Trojans) : उपयोगकर्ता के ज्ञान के बिना कंप्यूटर...

 Computer virus cannot damage computer hardware. IT may cause many damages to a computer system. A virus can: 1. A  computer virus can damage data or software on the computer. 2. It can delete some or all files on the computer system. 3. It can destroy all the data by formatting hard drive. 4. It may display a political or false message very few times. Make a computer run slowly Prevent computers from booting up Be used to steal personal details Move from machine to machine on a network Attack other machines using machine as a host Send out unauthorized message So, like a human virus a computer virus can be dangerous and possibly infectious to other computers. They can be spread between computers, and can also be transported via email. It is not limited to software however, as they can also be transported via USB drives and other types of media. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------...

A computer virus is a program that may disturb the normal working of a computer system. Virus attaches itself to files stored on floppy disks, USBs, email attachments and hard disks. A file containing a virus is called infected file. If this file is copied to a computer, virus is also copied to the computer. These days there are so many different types of virus. A virus is usually hidden, and can do a number of things, as it relates to the health of the computer. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HINDI TRANSLATE कंप्यूटर वायरस एक ऐसा प्रोग्राम है जो कंप्यूटर सिस्टम के सामान्य कामकाज को बाधित कर सकता है। वायरस फ़्लॉपी डिस्क, USB, ईमेल अटैचमेंट और हार्ड डिस्क पर संग्रहीत फ़ाइलों से जुड़ जाता है। जिस फाइल में वायरस होता है उसे इंफेक्टेड फाइल कहते हैं। अगर इस फाइल को कंप्यूटर में कॉपी किया जाता है, तो वायरस भी कंप्यूटर में कॉपी हो जाता है। इन दिनों वायरस कई त...

Ribbon cables are wide, flat, insulated cables, which are flexible enough to fit into areas with little space. These cables are made up of numerous tiny wires (traces and electronic pathways) called bunch, where one bunch carries data/information around to different components to the various devices attached to the computer. These cables connect the hard drive, floppy drive, and CD-ROM drives by getting and sending data from and to them. These cables connect different external devices, peripherals, expansion slots, I/O ports, and drive connections to the rest of the computer.  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HINDI TRANSLATE रिबन केबल चौड़ी, सपाट, इंसुलेटेड केबल होती हैं, जो इतनी लचीली होती हैं कि कम जगह वाले क्षेत्रों में फिट हो सकती हैं। ये केबल कई छोटे तारों (निशान और इलेक्ट्रॉनिक रास्ते) से बने होते हैं जिन्हें बंच कहा जाता है, जहां एक गुच्छा...

 Motherboard includes a separate block of memory up of very low power consumption called CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Silicon) chip. This chip is kept alive by a battery even when the PCs power is off. The function of CMOS chip is to store basic information about the PCs configuration number and type of hard and floppy drives, memory capacity, and so on. The other important data, which is kept in CMOS memory, is system time and date. The clock , CMOS chip and batteries are usually all integrated into a single chip. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HINDI TRANSLATE मदरबोर्ड में बहुत कम बिजली की खपत वाली मेमोरी का एक अलग ब्लॉक शामिल है जिसे CMOS (पूरक धातु ऑक्साइड सिलिकॉन) चिप कहा जाता है। पीसी की बिजली बंद होने पर भी इस चिप को बैटरी द्वारा जीवित रखा जाता है। CMOS चिप का कार्य पीसी कॉन्फ़िगरेशन संख्या और हार्ड और फ्लॉपी ड्राइव के प्रकार, मेमोरी ...

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) comprises a set of several routine and start up instruction inside a ROM (Read Only Memory). This gives two advantages to the computer, firstly, the code and data in the ROM BIOS need not be reloaded each time the computer is started, secondly, they cannot be corrupted by wayward applications that are accidentally written into the wrong part of memory. The first part runs as soon as the machine is switched on. It inspects the computer to determine what hardware is fitted and then conducts simple test (power-on self test) for normal functionality. If all the tests are passed, the ROM then determines the drive to boot the machine. Most PCs have the BIOS set to check for the presence of an operating system in the primary hard disk drive. Once the machine is booted, the BIOS serves a different purpose by presenting DOS with a standardized API (Application Program Interface) for the PC hardware. ---------------------------------------------------------------...

 A power supply or SMPS (Switch Modulate Power Supply) is a transformer and voltage control device in a computer that furnishes power to all the electronic components by converting them into the low voltage DC (Direct Current) supply. When computer is turned on, the power supply allows the converted electricity to travel to other components inside the computer. Modern day power supply provides protection against surge and spikes in the power, which could damage vital components of the computer. Nowadays, PC power supply is capable of providing several different voltages, at different strengths, and manages additional signals for the motherboard. The power supply plays an important role in the following areas of the computer system:         1.  Stability: A high quality power supply with sufficient capacity to meet the demands of the     computer provides years of stable power for the PC.         2. Cooling: The...