INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

 Although many types of memory in a computer exist, the most basic distinction is between primary memory, often called system memory, and secondary memory, which is more commonly called storage. The key difference between primary and secondary memory is speed of access. 1. Primary memory includes ROM and RAM, and is located close to the CPU on the computer motherboard, enabling the CPU to read data from primary memory very quickly indeed. It is used to store data that the CPU needs imminently so that it does not have to wait for it to be delivered. 2. Secondary memory by contrast, is usually physically located within a separate storage device, such as a hard disk drive or solid state drive (SSD), which is connected to the computer system either directly or over a network. The cost per gigabyte of secondary memory is much lower, but the read and write speeds are significantly slower. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------...

 Memory refers to the processes that are used to acquire, store, retain, and later retrieve information. There are three major processes involved in memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Human memory involves the ability to both preserve and recover information we have learned or experienced. As we all know, however, this is not a flawless process. Sometimes we forget or misremember things. Sometimes things are not properly encoded in memory in the first place. Memory problems can range from minor annoyances like forgetting where you left your car keys to major diseases, like Alzheimer's and other kinds of dementia, that affect the quality of life and the ability to function. The study of human memory has been a subject of science and philosophy for thousands of years and has become one of the major topics of interest within cognitive psychology. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------...

A motherboard is one of the most essential parts of a computer system. It holds together many of the crucial components of a computer, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory and connectors  for input and output devices. The base of a motherboard consists of a very firm sheet of non-conductive material, typically some sort of rigid plastic. Thin layers of copper or aluminum foil, referred to as traces, are printed onto this sheet. These traces are very narrow and form the circuits between the various components. In addition to circuits, a motherboard contains a number of sockets and slots to connect the other components.   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HINDI TRANSLATE एक मदरबोर्ड कंप्यूटर सिस्टम के सबसे आवश्यक भागों में से एक है। यह कंप्यूटर के कई महत्वपूर्ण घटकों को एक साथ रखता है, जिसमें केंद्रीय प्रसंस्करण इका...

 An operating system is a collection of system programs that together controls the operation of a computer system. Operating  system along with hardware, application and other system software, and users constitute a computer system. It is the most important part of any computer system. It acts an intermediary between a user and the computer hardware. An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all of the other application programs in a computer. The application programs make use of the operating system by making requests for services through a defined application program interface (API). In addition, users can interact directly with the operating system through a user interface, such as a command-line interface (CLI) or a graphical UI (GUI). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------...

 An input/output device can receive data from users, or another device (input), and send data to another device (output). Examples of input/output devices include the following. 1. CD-RW drive and DVD-RW drive - Receives data from a computer (input), to copy onto a writable CD or DVD. Also, the drive sends data contained on a CD or DVD (output) to a computer. 2. USB flash drive - Receives, or saves, data from a computer (input). Also, the drive sends data to a computer or another device (output). --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------     HINDI TRANSLATE एक इनपुट / आउटपुट डिवाइस उपयोगकर्ताओं, या किसी अन्य डिवाइस (इनपुट) से डेटा प्राप्त कर सकता है, और डेटा को दूसरे डिवाइस (आउटपुट) पर भेज सकता है। इनपुट / आउटपुट डिवाइस के उदाहरणों में निम्नलिखित शामिल हैं।\ 1. CD-RW ड्राइव और DVD-RW ड्राइव - एक कंप्यूटर से प्राप्त डेटा (इनपुट)...

 The output device displays the result of the processing of raw data that is entered in the computer through an input device. There are a number of output devices that display output in different ways such as text, images, hard copies, and audio or video. 1) Monitor The monitor is the display unit or screen of the computer. It is the main output device that displays the processed data or information as text, images, audio or video. 2) Printer A printer produces hard copies of the processed data. It enables the user, to print images, text or any other information onto the paper. 3)Projector A projector is an output device that enables the user to project the output onto a large surface such as a big screen or wall. It can be connected to a computer and similar devices to project their output onto a screen. It uses light and lenses to produce magnified texts, images, and videos. So, it is an ideal output device to give presentations or to teach a large number of people. 4)Headphones ...

Input Devices as mentioned above are used to give information to the computer. The following given devices are used for this purpose. Each one of them is different from another, though, the purpose remains the same. Following are some of the important input devices which are used in a computer. 1. Keyboard 2. Mouse 3. Joy Stick 4. Light pen 5. Track Ball 6. Scanner 7. Graphic Tablet 8. Microphone 9. Magnetic Ink Card Reader(MICR) 10. Optical Character Reader(OCR) 11. Barcode Reader  12. Optical Mark Reader(OMR) 1. Keyboard Keyboard is the most common and very popular input device which helps to input data to the computer. The layout of the keyboard is like that of traditional typewriter, although there are some additional keys provided for performing additional functions. Keyboards are of two sizes 84 keys or 101/102 keys, but now keyboards with 104 keys or 108 keys are also available for Windows and Internet. 2. Mouse Mouse is the most popular pointing device. It is a very famous ...

It the last few decades, computer technology has revolutionised the businesses and other aspects of human life all over the world. Practically, every company, large or small, is now directly or indirectly dependent on computers for information processing. Computer systems also help in the efficient  operations of railway and airway reservation, hospital records, accounts, electronic banking, and so on. Computers not only save time, but also save paper work . Some of the areas where computers where computers are being used are listed below.  Science: Scientists have been using computers to develop theories, to analyse, and test the data. The fast speed and the accuracy of the computer allow different scientific analyses to be carried out. They can be used to generate detailed studies of how earthquakes affect buildings or pollution affects weather pattern. Satellite-based applications have not been possible without the use of computers. It would also not be possible to get the...

 A computer must work its way through three basic stages before any task can be completed : input, processing,and output. A computer works through these stages by "running" a program. A program is a set of step-by-step instructions, which tells the computer exactly what to do with input in order to produce the required output. A computer functions in the following manner: Step 1: The computer accepts input. Computer input is whatever is entered or fed into a computer system. Input can be supplied by a person (such as by using a keyboard) or by another computer or device (such as a diskette or CD-ROM). Some examples of input include the words and symbols in a document, number for a calculation, instructions for completing a process, and so on. Step 2: The computer processes the data. During this stage, the computer follows the instructions using the data has been. Example of processing include calculations, sorting lists of words or numbers, and modifying documents according t...